COMING SOON!

• Circadian-based Watchbills: Design, implement and assess innovative watchbills that support human circadian rhythms; test these out in operational environments.
  • Current Status: Significant progress made on DDGs and CGs. Collected data during 19-day underway on amphib (LSD 48). Analysis is ongoing.
  • Planned: Collect data on submarines and PCs. Develop fleet-wide survey to assess policy compliance and watchbill efficacy.

• Crew Endurance Training: Develop training systems to instruct leadership/commands and Sailors on the need to prioritize sleep to enhance warfighter readiness using instructor-led and individual web-based training.
  • Current Status: Significant progress made. First delivery to SWOS and Recruit Training Command in November 2019.
  • Planned: Work on train the trainer materials and integrate into updated Crew Endurance website.

• Dietary Patterns of Night Watchstanders: Night shift workers often struggle to maintain healthy diets, especially on US Navy ships. The food served at night, “midrats”, is often left over from previous meals rather than a planned, nutritious meal. These same Sailors almost always labor under a significant and ever-increasing sleep debt. One of the unfortunate consequences of sleep deprivation and circadian misalignment is an imbalance in two hormones: excess ghrelin and insufficient leptin. The former contributes to the cravings for carbohydrates while the latter results in not feeling full or satiated. This combination creates the perfect situation for weight gain.
  • Planned: Study the food intake of USN watchstanders during underway operations, measuring fluctuations in glucose levels of Sailors with various dietary plans.

• Sailors CR-53 Increased Manning: Study two DDGs in Basic Phase to assess the effects of additional manning on ship-wide metrics and individual crewmember performance.
  • Current Status: Data collection and analysis has been completed. Preliminary results were provided to CNSF Aug-Sep 2019.
  • Planned: Technical report will integrate findings from the two related efforts.

• Light Management: Manage high-energy visible (HEV) light exposure for shift workers using blue blockers and multiple versions of HEV emitters. The development of multiple means of administering HEV light may help speed up circadian entrainment process.
  • Current Status: Significant progress with procurement of multiple light sources including patented delivery systems.
  • Planned: Install HEV emitting light systems on DDG and CSS-1 submarine in early 2020. 

• Habitability Enhancements for Ships: We have developed innovative rack curtains for sleeping quarters that limit light (and potentially noise) exposure outside the rack.
  • Current Status: Significant progress has been made with new rack curtains to be installed on a DDG for study during underway operations. Once installed in all ~300 racks, our team will assess the sleep of Sailors ~1 week before and after installation.
  • Planned: Develop a "smart rack" that tracks the physiological conditions of the occupant and administers light on the appropriate schedules.

• Stress Inoculation Training: Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) for improving performance under intensely stressful situations; designing safe and effective methods for inducing stress during training.
  • Current Status: Baseline and initial data collections conducted at SWOS. Another study is ongoing at NPS using a ship bridge simulator and a cold pressor (ice bucket) stress.
  • Planned: Studies over the next year will assess cortisol and physiological indicators of stress with insights and feedback to SWOS.

• Sleep Inertia Mitigation: Identify and test mitigation strategies for reducing sleep inertia when individuals are awakened from deep sleep.
  • Current Status: Two sleep inertia studies have been designed and one has been carried out with NASA Ames Research Center.
  • Planned: Two data collections are scheduled over the next 18 months, one at NPS and another with a partner at a university sleep lab.

• Dark Adaptation: Methods to assess how HEV light can be used to increase alertness (e.g., supplementing light in CIC) while also protecting dark adaptation (e.g., bridge watchstanders.) Monocular vs binocular tests are planned.
  • Current Status: "Pirate" study has been designed and submitted for IRB approval.
  • Planned: First data collection scheduled for Winter 2020 with salivary melatonin using DLMO technique.

A Guide to Applying Circadian-Based Watchbills

• The 3/9 Circadian Watch Rotation

• The 6/18 Circadian Watch Rotation

• The 4/8 Circadian Watch Rotation

• The D5/N3 Circadian Watch Rotation

• Prior to Watch: Notify your watch supervisor, including the reason for fatigue (sickness, training and shipboard evolution, etc.) and request to switch watches. Watch supervisors will report the switch to the Senior Watch Officer.
• While on Watch: Notify your watch supervisor, so that a switch can be made promptly. If you are experiencing micro-sleeps or cannot stay awake, call   

COMING SOON!

COMING SOON!

• "Sleep and Fatigue Issues in Military Operations"

      Chapter by Shattuck, N.L and Matsangas, P.  in Vermetten, E., Germain, D. & Neylan, T.

      (Eds.), Sleep and Combat related PTSD. Springer, 2018

• "The Role of Sleep in Human Performance and Well-Being"

      Chapter by Shattuck, N.L., Matsangas, P., Mysliwiec, V., and Creamer, J.L. in Schnyer, D. 7

      Matthews, M.D (Eds.), Human Performance Optimization: The Science and Ethics of

      Enhancing Human Capabilities.Oxford University Press, New York

• "Human Systems Integration in the Military"

      Chapter by Drillings, M., Knapp, B., and Shattuck, N.L., in D. Boehm-Davis, Durso, Lee,

      (Eds.), The APA Handbook of Human Systems Integration. Washington, DC: American

      Psychological Association. 2015

• "The Role of Sleep in the Military: Implications for Training and Operational Effectiveness"

      Chapter by Miller, N.L., Matsangas, P., and Kenney, A. in J. Laurence and M. D. Matthews

     (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Military Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.

• "Fatigue and its Effect on Performance in Military Environments"

      Chapter by Miller, N.L., Matsangas, P. and Shattuck, L.G in P.A. Hancock and J.L Szalma       

      (Eds.),Performance Under Stress. Mahwah, NJ: Ashgate Publications, 2007 

• "Human Characterstics and Measures in Systems Design"

      Chapter by Miller, N.L., Crowson., J.J., and Narkevicius, J.M. in H.R. Booher (Ed.), 

      Handbook of Human Systems Integration. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2003

• "The Simplest Way to Drastically Improve Your Life: More Sleep"

       The New York Times, October 2018, Tim Herrera

• "Carrier Sailors to get More Rest Under New Policy"

      NavyTimes, October 2018, Geoff Ziezulewicz

• "It Is All About the Sailors"

      U.S Naval Institute Proceedings Magazine, March 2018, Captain John Cordle USN (Ret)

• "The Winning Sleep Habits of 7 Pro Athletes"

       LIVESTRONG, February 2018, Bryn Huntpalmer

• "Go Circadian Now!"

       U.S. Naval Institute, September 2017, Captain John Cordle USN (Ret)

• 2017 Nobel Prize for Medicine

      The prize was awarded to three scientists for their work in the discovery of the mechanism of

      circadian rhythms in all organisms

• "Eating in Synch with your Body Clock May Help Curb Fat Gain"

      Reuters, September 2017, Marilynn Larkin

• "Sleep Should be Prescribed: What Those Late Nights Out Could be Costing You"

      The Guardian, September 2017, Rachel Cooke

• "Can Poor Sleep Lead to Alzheimer's or Dementia?"

      CNN Health, August 2017, Sandee LaMotte

• "Let Our Sailors Sleep"

     United States Naval Institute Proceedings Magazine, July 2017, Machine Mate Nuclear Chief Jay Holley, USN.

     Provides a great perspective on how important it is to give Sailors the opportunity to sleep

• "The Sleep Cure: The Fountain of Youth May Be Closer Than You Ever Thought"

      TIME, February 2017, Alice Park

• "Go to '27-Section Duty'"

      U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings Magazine, August 2016, Captain John Cordle USN (Ret)

• "You Have To Close Your Eyes To See The Military’s Powerful New Weapon"

      Huffington Post, July 2016, Sarah DiGiulio

• "How Post-Traumatic Sleep Disorders Became a Nightmare for American Veterans"

      Van Winkles, October 2015, Peter S. Green

• "Awake at the Helm"

      U.S. Naval Institute, 30 August 2015, LCDR Katie Jacobson

• "What Groton's Navy Lab Can Teach Us About Irregular Sleep"

      National Public Radio, april 2014, Alan Yu

• "Sleep for the Night Shift"

      NavyTimes, October 2013, Sam Fellman

• "A Sea Change in Standing Watch"

      United States Naval Institute Proceedings Magazine, January 2013, Captain John Cordle USn

      (Ret) and Dr. Nita Shattuck

      This article won the Surface Navy Association Literary Award for 2013.

      The SNA Literary Award recognizes the best professional article in any publication

      addressing Surface Navy or surface warfare issues.

• "A Better Watchbill"

     NavyTimes, June 2012, Gidget Fuentes and Tony Lombardo

COMING SOON!

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

      Includes training for emergency responders to reduce the risks associated with long work

      hours and information on how to cope with shiftwork

• National Sleep Foundation 

      A nonprofit organization in the USA. Their mission is to improve public health and safety by

     achieving understanding of sleep and sleep disorders, as well as to support sleep-related

     education, research, and advocacy

• Naval Center for Operational Stress Control

     Information on how to manage stress and fatigue levels

• Naval Safety Center

      Many resources on sleep and safety including a large number of videos and articles

• Navy and Marine Corps Public Health Center 

      Resources for managing sleep and fatigue

• Sleep.org by National Sleep Foundation

      A site dedicated to exploring the positive benefits of sleep health

• DOD Human Performance Resource Center

      Resources on Total Force Fitness including the Performance Triad initiative started by the

      Department of Defense and in trial phase at various military installations.

• U.S. Naval Institute
  • Proceedings Magazine
  • Blog

• CBT-I: Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Insomnia
  • Google Play
  • Apple Store